1985 Docteur en Chirurgie Dentaire.
1987 C.E.S. in Technology of the Bio-Materials used in Dentistry (Paris V University).
1989 C.E.S. in Fixed Prothesis Scellée (Paris V University).
1991 C.E.S. in Endodontics (Paris VII University).
1989 - 1991 Diploma of Special Clinical Studies in Endodontics (Diplôme d'Etudes Cliniques Spéciales d'Endodontie from Paris VII University).